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CFA L2 笔记 Financial Reporting and Analysis

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Intercorporate Investments
4种公司间投资
1. Minority passive, 小于20%, 无显著影响。又可归类3种:

  • held-for-maturity
    • 记balance sheet 用amortized cost. 像买了个bond;interest income记在income statement, fair value变动不管。
  • held-for-trading
    • 一般小于三个月,记balance sheet 用fair value; realized 和unrealized的g/s, dividends和interest都记income statement
  • available-for-sale
    • 记balance sheet 用fair value, unrealized g/s 不记income statement,记在equity. realized g/s, dividends和interest都记income statement
    • GAAP下,卖掉以后的unrealized g/s 记在other comprehensive income; realized g/s 要从other comprehensive income 中reverse ,然后记在income statement.
    • IFRS下,类似,但fx导致的unrealized g/s放在income statement。GAAP是所有的unrealized放在equity。

2. Minority active, 20%~50%,有显著影响,小于20%也有可能。

  • 用Equity method,记cost, 在balance sheet 里面是noncurrent asset.
  • investee的earning/loss按比例增加/减少equity,并记在income statement,发dividends按比例减少equity,不记income statement. equity减少到0,就不用equity method.
  • 2007.11.15以后,记fair value, 变动记在income statement.
  • 超过book value的话,用fair value记,cost – fair value部分记goodwill
  • 每年要test impairement: carrying value > fair value ,IFRS可以write-up,GAAP不行
  • 关联交易暂不记账,出去了才记。

3. Controlling, 大于50%,控股,小于50%也有可能。

  • 用consolidation,记minority interest account=equty 2 × %,或noncontrolling interest (IFRS)
  • current asset = ca 1 + ca 2 – cost(收购价);其他部分简单相加;equity 不变。
  • Income statement 里面,revenue, expense相加,减去minority interest=net income 2 × %

4. JV, shared control

IFRS 可用proportionate consolidation(优先), 也可以用equity method。

  • GAAP只能用equity method
  • 不记minority interest
  • current asset = ca 1 + ca 2×% – cost(收购价)其他部分也按比例加;equity 不变

Purchased Method:

  • 用market value,paid in capital 要加上investee的asset – liability(市场价);
  • investee报表里面的goodwill被忽略,来计算investor的goodwill.
  • impairment loss记在income statement,continuing operations
  • bargain purchase ,GAAP下,要reassess,超过cost的部分从noncurrent asset减掉,还有多的放到income statement, extraordinary gain.IFRS下,超出部分都记income statement, continuing operation, 不计extraordinary。
  • GAAP和IFRS对比:
    • GAAP下,小于100%的收购,按fair value,剩下的按book value(blended value 加权平均);IFRS下,都按fair value
    • GAAP下,在途R&D算identifiable asset, 一旦goodwill算完,R&D在income statement算expense掉;IFRS做amortize处理
    • GAAP下,contingency resolved 和determined 才记;IFRS要估计,包括在purchase price里面。

Pooling Method(已停用):用book value

SPE(VIE in IFRS):一般都off-balance sheet
QSPE:GAAP可用,IFRS不可用。

P136 Equity method, proportionate consolidatation, consolidation method对比:ROE都一样,net income都一样,equity都一样。

J 发布

四月 16th, 2009 at 10:47 下午